The American Revolutionary War

 

The American Revolutionary war is most important incident in the American History, also know as American War of Independence. It was initiated by thirteen American colonies of that time against Great Britain over their objection over taxation mechanism and lack of political representation and authority.

At first sight the British had many advantages. They greatly outnumbered the Americans and had much greater resources. However, they were handicapped by long lines of communication(In those days, it took a sailing ship 6 to 8 weeks to cross the Atlantic). The British won the battle of Long Island in August 1776 and in September 1776, they captured New York. Washington was forced to retreat.

However, Washington won victories at Trenton in December 1776 and at Princeton in January 1777. The Americans were defeated  at Brandywine in September 1777 but they won a decisive victory at Saratoga in October. A British force led by John Burgoyne marched from south  from Canada but was surrounded and forced to surrender.

Saratoga convinced the French that the Americans might win the war. As a result, they declared war on Britain, their traditional enemy in 1778. French naval activity in the Atlantic made it even harder for the British to supply their forces in America. Spain also declared war on Britain in 1779 and the Dutch too declared war in 1780. The Spanish and Dutch tied down British forces in Europe.

Furthermore, the Americans won victories at Kings Mountain in October 1780 and at Cowpens in January 1781. Cornwallis, the British Commander, unwisely concentrated his forces on the coast at Yorktown, Virginia. However, the French navy blockaded him while the Americans besieged him from the land. The British were forced to surrender. The Yorktown was a catastrophic defeat for the British ended their any hopes of them ending the war. Nevertheless, it continued for 2 more years before the Treaty of Paris ended it in 1783.

Finally the Americans won their independence from the Great Britain and raised on the map of world as the new sovereign state.  

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